Device and a procedure for cast-in-situ a wall or similar

ABSTRACT

The present invention concerns a shuttering ( 100 ) for the formation of a wall or similar, comprising a first wall formwork device ( 10 ) of an insulating material and a second wall formwork device ( 20 ), which are formed to be arranged in parallel so that a space (x) is formed between them intended to be filled with flowing concrete. A number of form ties ( 30 ) are arranged to connect the first and second wall formwork devices ( 10,20 ). The first wall formwork device ( 10 ) comprises a number of building or plastic foam blocks ( 11 ), and the second wall formwork device ( 20 ) comprises a number of sheathings ( 21 ). Each form tie ( 30 ) is provided with a first end having a fastening element ( 40 ) formed for connection with the first wall formwork device ( 20 ), and in its second end provided with a clamp tie device ( 50 ) for locking to the second wall formwork device upon temporary mounting and retention/clamping of said second wall formwork device ( 20 ) during the concreting, and releasing/unlocking after casting for allowing the wall formwork device ( 20 ) to be removed, form stripping. The invention also concerns a procedure for forming, for instance, a wall as well as a support for a said shuttering.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a shuttering for the formation of a wall or similar according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a procedure for producing a wall or similar according to the preamble of claim 15. The invention also concerns a scaffold, which can be used in a procedure according to the above, but also separately in other or similar contexts.

PRIOR ART

Houses having a solid framework, for example of concrete, brick or expanded clay, are known to have many good properties such as that the houses have good fire safety, for instance compared with wooden houses, they last long and are not so maintenance-requiring. Other advantageous properties of houses built with a solid framework are that they give a good indoor climate with small temperature variations over day and night and have good properties as for resisting moisture and mould.

The most common methods that are used today for providing a solid framework consists of laying (expanded expanded clay blocks, bricks, lightweight concrete blocks, etc.) or mounting prefabricated wall units.

An advantage of the construction of houses on-site compared with using prefabricated elements consists of it being easier to make special adaptations depending on the particular object, location for erection of the object and so on, and of the joints that are inevitable between prefabricated wall units being dispensable. However, a disadvantage consists of it requiring a high degree of skill of craftsmanship.

An advantage of using prefabricated elements is that very fast, often in only some days, it is possible to get a tight house in which it becomes possible to work with installations and surface layers while being protected against wind and weather.

As an alternative to masonry and prefabricated concrete houses, concrete may be cast on-site. Concrete is a highly formable and flexible material, and in the construction of houses, it is in principle the formwork which becomes limiting as for the flexibility and freedom of choice of the construction project. However, it is today very uncommon to cast something else than a bottom plate, and possibly basement walls on-site. The reason for this is that forms and formworks are very expensive and particularly in small projects, these costs often amount to more than 50% of the total cost of the framework. The alternatives at hand are traditional timber formwork and ready-made, e.g., rented, large formworks, for instance Doka™ and Peri.

A traditional timber formwork commands a high price per square metre. For large formwork, the price per square metre is lower, especially in large construction projects, where the same construction form can be re-used many times, but large formwork is ungainly and difficult to mount. The most suitable way of mounting is often by using a building crane. Another disadvantage is that after casting, insulation has to be mounted with some form of system.

Another alternative consists of using Insulated Concrete Forms, ICF. Such insulated concrete forms are stacked on each other into a wall and filled with concrete. When the concrete has solidified, the form composed of foamed plastic is left as insulation of the wall. This allows fast construction of concrete walls at a relatively low cost. However, a disadvantage has been found be that, since the concrete is insulated on both sides, the same is climatically disadvantageous as for the indoor climate, and the advantages achieved by constructing houses with a solid framework are partly not made up for. Another disadvantage consists in that such a wall, irrespective of on the inside or the outside, is finished for being provided with a surface layer. Foamed plastic on the inside of a framework may also entail increased risk in case of fire.

Thus, all now existing construction systems are impaired by disadvantages.

Examples of different construction systems are shown by, among others:

U.S. Pat. No. 5,861,105 A,

US 2006/254198 A1, US 2013/074432 A1, US 2009/179135 A1, and CA 2225262 C. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, it is an aim of the present invention to provide a shuttering as indicated by way of introduction by which one or more of the above-mentioned problems can be remedied.

It is particularly an aim of the invention to provide a shuttering that allows the construction of a wall or similar in an easy and inexpensive way. It is also an aim to provide a shuttering that allows fast construction of a wall or similar. It is a special aim of the invention to allow the construction of walls and a house, respectively, or the like, having an extraordinarily good indoor climate. It is also an aim to provide a shuttering by which a wall, which from a construction point of view is moisture proof, mould proof, energy efficient, and flexible, can be obtained. A further particular aim is to provide a form by which it becomes possible to, in a reliable way, construct a wall and a house, respectively, or some other building, without risks for the building workers and without requiring heavy lifts. Another aim of the invention is to provide a shuttering by which it is possible to construct a wall, or a house that is not maintenance-requiring and that has a long service life. It is a special aim to provide a form by which it is extraordinarily easy to handle installation of electricity, pipes, ventilation, etc.

Therefore, a shuttering is provided having the features given by way of introduction, which has the features defined in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Preferred embodiments are defined by the features defined in the dependent claims.

It is also an aim of the invention to provide a procedure, by which one or more of the above mentioned aims can be achieved.

Therefore, there is provided a procedure as indicated by way of introduction, which has the features defined in the characterizing part of claim 4. Preferred embodiments are defined by the corresponding dependent claims.

The present invention solves the problem of thermal bridges in cast procedures. It is an essential problem that now is allowed to be solved by arranging the form ties so that these after casting readily can be removed and thereby prevent that there is formed through thermal bridges from outside and inward through the cast wall. This can be carried out thanks to the first end of the form ties forming the particular fastening element that either is plate-shaped, has a tapering shape, is cam-like, or is toothed and accordingly can be received in prefabricated or formed slit or reception opening in the insulated part of the form, i.e., the inner part of the form.

Said feature is not previously known by the numerous solutions shown to be previously known. Through form ties remain thereto after casting. Only the outer part projecting from cast wall is cut off. By, for instance, being wobbled to and fro, which also may be carried out in the present invention with part of form tie projecting outward.

It is also an aim of the invention to provide a support to use in connection with the construction of a wall according to the above or in connection with the procedure mentioned above, or in some other context relevant in the building trade or construction field, which is simple and easy to handle during building/construction, which is simple to mount, erect, store, and transport. A special aim is to provide a support that facilitates the construction of a straight wall.

Therefore, a support is provided having the features defined in claim 14. Preferred embodiments are defined in claim 15 referring to claim 14.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will in the following be described in a non-limiting way, reference being made to the accompanying figures, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shuttering having first and second, respectively, wall formwork elements connected with form ties,

FIG. 2 shows a wall consisting of a shuttering according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 3 shows an embodiment example of a form tie having a locking device for connecting first and second wall formwork devices,

FIG. 4A shows in a simplified way an alternative embodiment example of a form tie,

FIG. 4B shows another alternative embodiment of a form tie,

FIG. 4C shows once again another alternative embodiment of a form tie,

FIG. 5A shows an example of a clamp tie of a form tie according to the invention,

FIG. 5B shows an alternative embodiment of a clamp tie of a form tie according to the invention,

FIG. 6A shows an example of a first wall formwork element having a slit for the receipt of a form tie provided with a fastening element,

FIG. 6B shows an alternative embodiment for the arrangement of a fastening element arranged on a form tie in a first wall formwork element,

FIG. 7A shows an example of a construction comprising a wall and a floor formed of shutterings with reinforcement according to an embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 7B shows an example of a construction with reinforcement and lines and equipment for electric, piping and ventilation installation for embedment in the construction according to the invention,

FIG. 8A shows an example of embodiment of a first wall formwork element according to the invention,

FIG. 8B shows a second alternative embodiment of a first wall formwork element according to the invention,

FIG. 8C shows a third alternative embodiment of a first wall formwork element according to the invention,

FIG. 8D shows a fourth alternative embodiment of a first wall formwork element according to the invention,

FIG. 8E shows a fifth alternative embodiment of a first wall formwork element according to the invention,

FIG. 9A shows a first example of a corner device according to the invention,

FIG. 9B shows an alternative embodiment of a corner device,

FIG. 9C shows the corner device in FIG. 9B having mounted form tie,

FIG. 10 shows an alternative example of a support according to the invention in erected state,

FIG. 11 schematically shows a part of the support in FIG. 10 to illustrate how it can be collapsed, and

FIG. 12 shows use of a support according to FIG. 10 in the construction of a wall according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In FIG. 1, a shuttering 100 according to the invention is shown, which comprises a first wall formwork device 10, which here consists of a plastic foam block 11, which is matched in the vertical direction, having groove 13 and tongue 12, in order to give a good stability when several plastic foam blocks are placed on top of each other in order to form a wall. In other embodiments, not shown, the plastic foam blocks may in addition, or alternatively, be matched horizontally in order to increase the stability also in the horizontal direction. However, according to other embodiments of the invention, the plastic foam blocks do not need to be matched or they may be formed or matched in other ways, examples of which will be given below.

The shuttering also comprises a second wall formwork device 20, which here consists of a sheathing 21, for instance consisting of a sheet of plywood, or a sandwich-formed product, such as the known product Sonoboard, or any other type of material that is light, stiff, and durable.

In addition, it comprises form ties 30, which in a first outer end are provided with a fastening element 40 and in a second opposite end are provided with a locking device 50. The purpose of the form ties 30 is to connect the first wall formwork device 10 and the second wall formwork device 20 with each other, in such a way that they will be arranged essentially parallel to, and at a certain distance from, each other, so that a space x is formed. It should, however, be clear that, depending on the desired shape of the wall or similar to be cast, the distance may also, if desired, be tapering in the horizontal or vertical direction or adopt any another desired shape.

The form ties 30, one or more per plastic foam block 11, four in the example shown, one of which is not mounted in the plastic foam block 11, are shown in FIG. 1. In the example shown, the plastic foam block 11 is provided with prepared slits formed to receive the fastening elements 40 at the border of the tongue. For the mounting, the fastening elements 40 are brought into the prepared slits in the plastic foam block 11 so that the respective form tie 30 will extend essentially perpendicular to one vertical extension plane of the first wall device. Then, a number of form plastic blocks 11 can be stacked on each other, as is illustrated in FIG. 2.

On one outer edge thereof, here at the top, the sheathing 21 is preferably provided with notches or recesses 22 intended to receive the form tie 30. Upon mounting, the external ends of the form ties are placed in the notches 22, particularly in such a way that a support element 51 included in the locking device 50 is situated on the side of the sheathing 21 that faces the plastic foam block 11 and a clamping element 52 and locking element 53 on the other side of the sheathing, so that the sheathing 21 is locked therebetween. The recesses 22 may have a size corresponding to the size (e.g., diameter) of the tie rod 31 of the form tie, which normally presupposes that the locking device has to be removed before the sheathing is removed. Alternatively, the recesses may be larger so that the sheathing can be pulled down before locking devices are removed and ties, if required, are cut off.

Preferably, the wall is reinforced before the second wall formwork device 20 is brought in place, i.e., after the fastening elements 30 (the form ties) have been arranged in the plastic foam block 11. Before reinforcing, suitably possible recesses for windows and doors (not shown) are mounted. Possible electrical equipment, cables, etc., as well as pipes, and ventilation equipment, which should be embedded in the wall, is suitably mounted after the wall has been reinforced.

The sheathing 21 is arranged at a desired distance from the plastic foam block 11 with the form tie 30 by the locking device 50, where the sheathing is locked between the first clamping element 51 and the second clamping element 52 by means of locking element 53, and concrete is poured into the formed space between them.

In FIG. 2, there are shown a number of plastic foam blocks 11 stacked on each other, which form a first wall formwork device 10 and a number of sheathings 21 arranged to form the second wall formwork device 20, which are connected by the form ties 30. In an advantageous embodiment, plastic foam blocks and/or sheathings are mounted and locked by the form ties and the clamp ties in such a way that mutual joints between plastic foam blocks and/or mutual joints between sheathings, applied in one and the same plane in a row and/or a column, are displaced in relation to joints between plastic foam blocks and sheathings, respectively, of a neighbouring row or column for stability reasons.

In FIG. 2, the shuttering is shown, however not reinforcement, etc., before casting, wherein concrete is poured into the space between the first and second wall formwork devices 10,20. When the concrete has solidified, the locking device 50 is removed by the locking element 53 first being easily removed. Thereafter, the second clamping element 52 is removed and the sheathings 21 are pulled down. This gives a wall with a solid framework insulated by the plastic foam blocks 11 and which has an inner side which only needs to be provided with a desired surface layer, e.g., putty compound and paint or wallpaper.

As discussed above, advantageously reinforcement can be made and relevant line installations for electricity, pipes, ventilation be drawn after the reinforcing but before the second wall formwork device 20 is placed and temporarily locked to the form ties 30 by means of the locking devices 50.

Particularly, an advantageous support according to the invention may be used in casting, which will be discussed reference being made to FIGS. 10-12 below. Of course, the invention is not limited to utilization of said support, but casting may of course be carried out in any way and with arbitrary suitable conventional scaffolding.

When the concrete has solidified, the locking device 50 can easily be removed, unlocked, which will be discussed further below. After that, the sheathing 21 or sheathings can easily be pulled down.

By the invention, a shuttering is obtained, which forms a wall or a floor or another similar structure, which is moisture proof, fire-proof, resistant to mould attacks, energy efficient, and which in addition is very flexible. Furthermore, it is easy to handle and minimizes the number of heavy lifts as well as the weight of these, and more generally the number of lifts.

In certain embodiments, the shuttering according to the invention may comprise a first wall formwork device and two second wall formwork devices arranged on both sides of the first wall formwork device so that a sandwich wall can be cast. In doing so, form ties are accordingly attached via the respective fastening element to the first wall formwork device and oppositely directed. In such a way, after casting, there is obtained a construction consisting of insulation blocks (plastic foam blocks) surrounded by concrete on two sides.

An example of a part of a wall and a floor having reinforcement, but before casting, is schematically shown in FIG. 7A, and in FIG. 7B, the corresponding is shown but schematically also with electric lines, ventilation conduits, water pipes.

The form ties 30 can be formed in many different ways. In FIG. 3, a form tie 30 according to the embodiment in FIG. 1 is schematically shown, comprising a form tie bar 31 having a fastening element 40, which is arranged in a first end and here consists of a square plate arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal extension for the tie rod 31, which consists of a rod or the like. In the example shown, the fastening element 40 has a square shape, but it may, of course, have a another shape as long as it extends at least vertically in a direction that should be turned downward (for a wall, for instance, according to FIG. 2) in relation to the tie rod 31. The fastening element or the fastening plate 40 may also have a varying thickness, for example be thinner, have a continuously decreasing thickness in the vertical direction downward, possibly also upward, to facilitate insertion into the first wall formwork device 10. Insertion may be effected in various ways, for example, the fastening element may be inserted from above into solid foamed plastic or into prepared reception spaces in plastic foam blocks, or between plastic foam blocks, which will be discussed further below, reference being made to FIGS. 6A, 6B.

In the opposite end of the tie rod 31 of the form tie 30, a locking device 50 is arranged, between the inner and outer (first and second) clamping element 51,52 of which a sheathing 21 is temporarily arranged in the desired position and is locked by means of locking element 53, which readily can be unlocked so that the locking device 50 and the sheathing 21 can be easily removed after casting, when the concrete has solidified. The lock is here pressed so that it essentially works as a wedge, and an end knob arranged on the tie rod 31 is brought through a hole having a size adapted to throughput, and the locking device is brought down through a notch having a width that is such that the end knob cannot pass, but only the tie rod fits and can be brought down into the notch. A sheathing, not shown in this FIG., will then be wedged up between the cone 56 and locking device/end knob. Locking devices are further discussed reference being made to FIGS. 5A, 5B.

FIGS. 4A-4C show different examples of form ties where the form ties are differently formed in that either the proper tie rod, the fastening plate, and/or the locking device is formed in various ways. It should be clear that in these figures, a simplified locking device is shown; the embodiments may comprise any type of locking device. In the examples shown, it comprises a locking element that is possible to screw-off and simultaneously forms a second clamping element, and a first clamping element, which either is fixedly arranged on the tie rod or which can be arranged at a suitable distance on the rod by means of a suitable locking mechanism, e.g., threads, nuts, and washers.

The fastening plate 40A in FIG. 4A is, like the fastening plate 40 in FIG. 1, essentially a square plate, but the thickness of which upward and downward in the vertical direction tapers so that the fastening plate 40 should be easier insertable into a plastic foam block. Particularly for the insertion into solid foamed plastic, this is advantageous. In one embodiment example, not shown, the thickness decreases continuously in the vertical direction. However, then the most slender end always has to be inserted first. Many variants for facilitating insertion, for example in a plastic foam block, are possible, as well as for contributing to good retention, which is an advantage considering that reinforcing and line routing is carried out with inserted form ties.

FIG. 4B shows a fastening element 40B consisting of a plate, one side of which is toothed, or has a zigzag pattern, likewise to facilitate insertion into a plastic foam block. In particular if it should be inserted into a solid material.

FIG. 4C shows a fastening element 40C that is separate from the rod 31C of the form tie 30C and accordingly can be attached directly to plastic foam blocks by insertion into slit intended therefor or directly into solid material, but which has a hole 41C intended to receive a hook 32C of the tie rod 31C. The hole 41C is formed in a flat part of the fastening element, which is intended to be arranged parallel to an upper surface of the plastic foam block, and which here is provided with two cam-like elements 44C, which form an angle of essentially 90° with the flat part 42C (which extends in the same plane, or a plane parallel to the tie rod 31C). The flat part may also be provided with a second flat part 43C on the side that is facing away from the side where the form tie should be arranged and that forms an angle of 90° with the first flat part 42C. This is, however, not necessary. Instead of two essentially parallel cam elements, it may be only one, or several. If there are several, these may be set as in FIG. 4C, to increase the stability of the retention capability in, for instance, a plastic foam block so that the fastening element should be held in place even safer.

Generally, for all types of fastening elements, it applies that they may be fixedly connected with the rod part (tie rod) of the form tie, or detachable from the same. Particularly, they may be formed integrally therewith, which, however, does not apply for embodiments shown in FIG. 4C, where it is actually desirable that they should be detachable. However, also a plate as in FIG. 4C may of course be fixedly connected with a form tie. Instead of the tie rod being provided with a hook and the fastening element with a hole, the plate may of course be provided with a hook and the tie rod with a hole or the like. Furthermore, other equivalent mechanisms allowing simple and safe assembly with a fastening element in place in, for example, a plastic foam block may of course be used. Cam elements may, of course, be formed in other ways or be connected with, or integral with, a tie rod as in FIG. 4A, 4B.

FIG. 5A shows a form tie 30 that comprises a tie rod 31 ₁ and a locking device 50B arranged thereon. The tie rod 31 ₁ is not provided with any end knob. The locking device 50B, also called clamp tie, may, for instance, be of the known type Geku™ or of a similar type. It comprises a wedge-shaped or chamfered locking element 53B, where the wedge or the like is formed to be possible to be pressed down into a reception opening formed between a holder element 54B arranged on a plate element 52B and said plate element 52B. Here, the plate element 52B consists of a sheet metal plate having a central hole intended to receive the rod part (tie rod) 31 ₁ of the form tie, and the holder part 54B consists of a bent sheet metal plate, which is welded to the sheet metal plate 52B and likewise has a hole for the passage of the tie rod. The wedge-shaped locking element 54B may accordingly be knocked down and lock the form tie between the wedge and one side in the formed space.

By a gentle stroke upward on the slender lower part of the wedge, the same can easily be knocked out, so that lock and sheathing readily can be removed after completed casting.

The part of the form tie that protrudes from the form can be wobbled a little, and be broken off, and is then broken on a level with the inside of the cone that is included in the locking device, e.g., 50A, which is on the form tie. Next, the cone can be pulled out and the cone-shaped hole that is formed may be puttied up, which is advantageous, among other things, in that no lead-throughs are formed, e.g., for moisture so that rust is formed.

FIG. 5B shows an alternative locking device 50 essentially corresponding to the locking device shown in FIG. 3. The locking device comprises an integrally pressed sheet metal plate 52, which is provided with a notch for the tie rod 31, which comprises a larger hole in one end of the notch, and a more slender part, which, when the tie rod is inserted, prevents an end knob 53 arranged on the tie rod 31 from passing. Here, the end knob is welded to one outer end of the tie rod. The end knob 53 can, according to an alternative, be unscrewed so that the locking is released, after which the rod can be brought upward and the end knob be led out through the hole so that the lock can be disengaged and the sheathing be removed.

The clamp tie may also preferably be wedge-shaped and by a gentle stroke upward on the slender lower part, the same can easily be knocked out thanks to the wedge-shape and since there is a distance of, for instance, 1.5-2 cm between the end knob and the sheathing, so that lock comes loose and the lock and the sheathing readily can be removed after completed casting. Said clamp tie is of a type that resembles the known clamp tie type KF™. Many other different variants of clamp ties may also be used, e.g., Temposhaler™.

FIG. 6A shows an example of a first wall formwork device 10 comprising a matched plastic foam block 11 having a tongue 12 and groove 13 and which is provided with a recess 14 intended to receive a fastening element 40 of a form tie 30. Fastening plates on form ties may be formed in various ways, or be used in various ways, either in order to be inserted into prepared openings intended for this purpose. It makes in principle no requirements of the fastening element needing to be formed in any particular way in order to be insertable except that it should be adapted to the opening, or fit into the same and be held in place, i.e., without play being formed, i.e., not be particularly shape-adapted. The fastening element may consist of a plate or be of another suitable shape.

If the fastening element should be inserted into solid foamed plastic, the shape is of a somewhat greater importance to facilitate the insertion. For instance, it is suitable that the fastening element is thinner, more slender, sharper or more pointed or the like in the part that initiates the insertion. An example of such a fastening element 40B is shown in FIG. 6B.

FIG. 7A schematically shows an example of how shutterings 100,100′ having first and second wall formwork devices 10,10′; 20 (for the second one, a floor forming the shuttering 100′, no second wall formwork device is shown for reasons of clarity) according to the invention may be arranged in the construction of a house or the like. It should accordingly be clear that a wall formwork device is not limited to a device forming a wall in a conventional sense but may likewise form a floor, etc. In the schematic figure, reinforcement 80,80′ is also shown, but before casting has been effected.

FIG. 7B shows very schematically a small part of a shuttering according to the invention wherein also electrical equipment in the form of electric cables 85 have been routed and appliance box 86 and ventilation equipment 87 have been mounted, and the second wall formwork device 20 has been attached to the first one 10 by means of form ties 30, but before casting. The embedment equipment may be mounted using tying wire in the reinforcement 80 by nails in the sheathing 10, by being squeezed in place by a device intended therefor between foamed plastic and sheathing. By foamed plastic, another suitable thermal insulation should naturally also be appreciated.

Generally, different types of plastic foam blocks, or other wall formwork devices in general, which are provided with slit or opening or the like, may be formed in many different ways and in different sizes, as well as the fact that also plastic foam blocks having no prepared opening or the like may be formed in various ways. A plurality of examples of plastic foam blocks are shown as examples in FIGS. 8A-8E.

FIG. 8A shows an example of an element, plastic foam block 11 ₁, which is not matched but has an essentially square or rectangular cross-sectional shape. In the example shown, it is neither provided with any slit nor reception opening for fastening elements. Alternatively, it could, of course, be provided with one or more such openings.

FIG. 8B is a perspective view of a matched plastic foam block 11 as shown, for instance, in FIG. 1. Neither this is provided with reception opening or the like. Of course, such an element may be provided with one or more reception openings of the desired shape and size. A slender elongate opening perpendicular to the intended length extension of a form tie essentially orthogonal to the inner wall of the block generally gives a retention capability that is greater as for preventing the form tie from ending up obliquely upon uneven load during stacking, reinforcing, line routing, etc., and casting, since the abutment surfaces will be greater. However, other alternatives are also possible, for instance holes for a plurality of rods in two or more different planes, e.g., three in parallel arranged as projecting from a flat triangle.

FIGS. 8C-8E show additional embodiments of a matched element, for instance plastic foam blocks 11 ₂,11 ₃,11 ₄. It should, as has been said above, be clear that plastic foam blocks are not indicated with a limiting view, but also other building units, of other materials, may be used. Plastic foam block 11 ₃ is here orthogonally matched, with an intermediate part element 11 ₃₃, which is set in a direction in relation to two surrounding part elements 11 ₃₁,11 ₃₂, and forms a tongue/groove in said direction, as well as in a direction perpendicular to the outsides of said elements and forms tongue/groove also in this, second, orthogonal direction.

In alternative embodiments, building blocks, or particularly plastic foam blocks, may be provided with embedded or mounted reinforcements. This can may allow the distance, by virtue of improved stability, between nearby form ties to be increased, which facilitates mounting, lowers costs, and in addition simplifies reinforcement work and line routing and so on, since this is made with form ties in place.

FIG. 9A schematically shows an example of a corner device 70 that can be used for inner corners where two second wall formwork devices, sheathings 21,21, meet, in order to increase stability and secure the positioning of the shuttering in corner regions before casting. Since it is not buried in the concrete, it falls away or can easily be removed when the sheathings are removed after casting. The corner device 70 may be made of many different kinds of materials, e.g., sheet metal or rigid plastic.

FIG. 9B shows an example of an alternative corner device 70A, which comprises a fixed corner element 71A having two perpendicular wall sides 72 ₁,72 ₂, for instance of the same material as the sheathing, or of sheet metal or rigid plastic or another suitable material. Between the perpendicular wall sides, separated from each other, support triangles 73 are fixedly arranged in parallel planes, perpendicular to the extension plane of the wall sides. The purpose of this is to fix the corner at a desired angle (usually 90°). The corner device 70A may, but does not have to, comprise fitting elements 75A. Only one is shown in FIG. 9B, to be used to provide adaptation to the width of used sheathings 21. These fitting elements 75A, or make-up pieces, may on one or two sides be provided with recesses 22A in the same way as the sheathings 21 for allowing fastening with form ties analogous to the sheathings. Also the corner elements 70A may be provided with such recesses 22″ for the same reasons. Suitably, the fitting elements may be cleavable for allowing adaptation of the length (the width) of a wall or similar.

In FIG. 9C, it is schematically shown how form ties 30 having fastening elements 40 and having locking devices 50 are inserted and attached to sheathings 21 and corner device 70A. After casting, the corner device 70A may be removed in an analogous way as the sheathings are removed.

FIG. 10 shows a support 200 (e.g., a so-called walkway bracket or cast scaffolding), which advantageously may be used in work with, for instance, a wall, shuttering according to the invention or another form or wall or similar, and which also may be used in order to, vertically as well as horizontally, support and adjust the shuttering or the wall in connection with casting, particularly during the proper casting operation.

According to different embodiments, the support 200 may be provided with mounting elements, which allow detachable mounting or fastening to form ties, clamp ties, or the sheathing.

Particularly, one or more of said elements (form ties, clamp ties, or the sheathing) are provided with interacting mounting elements. The mounting elements may in simple embodiments consist of interacting hooks, loops or the like, or some form of quick fasteners, or snap-in mechanisms.

The support 200 is shown in FIG. 10 in working position, erected, and in folded-out position, respectively, and in FIG. 11, it is schematically illustrated how it can be brought to transportation or storage position.

In the example shown, the support 200 comprises a second pair of legs having two parallel legs (uprights) 202,202, which are articulately connected with an outer end of the respective bottom tie 203,203 intended to be possible to place and rest on a flat substratum, for instance a floor, where the opposite outer ends of the bottom tie 203,203 are connected with the respective first leg (upright) 201,201 included in a first pair of legs. Said first pair of legs (201,201) consists in a preferred embodiment of two angle-irons having a number of recesses or cut-outs 211 adapted to allow form ties 30 (not shown in FIG. 10) to be wedged in therein and which are situated separated from each other. Said first pair of legs 201,201 do not have to be formed as angle-irons but may be formed as legs having another cross-sectional shape; however, it has been found that the angle iron-shape gives a good stability upon vertical fixation of a wall. Adjacent to the end sections of the bottom ties 203,203, which are articulately connected with the second legs 202,202, a respective cross bar 205,205 is articulately arranged, the second and outer, respectively, ends of which are articulately connected with said first legs 201,201, preferably at another distance (higher up in mounted state) from those ends where the bottom ties are articulately connected with the second legs 202,202. The cross bars 205,205 are in addition detachably connected with either the bottom ties 203,203 or with the second legs by fastening devices 207,207; alternatively with both. In the example shown, they are detachably connected with the bottom ties.

In an alternative example, not shown, the cross bars 205,205 may be articulately connected between the first and the second legs, and in addition detachably connected with either ones.

In an advantageous embodiment, the cross bars 205,205 consist of telescoping elements having a first element 205 ₁, which has a smaller diameter or cross-section than a second element 205 ₂, in which it is displaceable in a known way, per se, so that the length of the cross bar 205 can be set and adjusted. In a particular embodiment, adjustable wall supports or cross bars of the type Paso™ may be used.

The bottom ties 203,203 may be provided with holes 213 in order to, by means of, for instance, concrete screws, allow the fixation of the support in a substratum.

The legs included in the first and second pairs of legs may be provided with cross beams 208,208, which are formed to carry a platform 206 intended to stand on, for instance, upon casting. The platform may be provided with fixing elements in the form of holes 209 or the like allowing fastening of the platform 206 by interacting mounting elements 209, e.g., screws, in order to secure the fastening of the same. This also makes that the distance between the rear and front pairs of legs is fixed. The front and rear legs may also be provided with mounting elements at different heights for allowing the arrangement of the platform at different, desired working heights or in one of at least one predetermined working height, or mounting height. This can be provided in many different ways. In one embodiment, the platform is entirely detachable from both pairs of legs, in another one, it is articulately connected with one of the pairs of legs, particularly displaceably in the horizontal direction, and vertically adjustable by the fact that it can be fixed at different heights by means of notches or fixing elements intended therefor.

For allowing adjustment of a wall, for instance vertically, the platform may be arranged or connected with one or both pairs of legs in such a way that the direction of one, the second, of the pair of legs in the vertical direction may be somewhat changed, and by the pairs of legs being held together by bottom ties and cross beams, the one of the first pair of legs will also be angled to the corresponding extent so that the first and second pairs of legs remain essentially parallel in order to be able to straighten up and keep a wall/wall formwork device vertical by setting or adjusting the length of the ties. Other alternatives are, of course, also possible. The pairs of legs do neither have to remain parallel, e.g., the fastening elements for supporting the platform may have a variable length, or they may be displaceable in relation to holder elements on one of the pairs of legs 202, or alternatively the length of the connection with the bottom ties may be variable, or the bottom ties may be longitudinally settable, for instance be telescopic, and, e.g., be provided with holes and plugs for setting in the correct position in order to obtain a desired length.

In the embodiment example shown in FIG. 10, however, the cross beams 208,208 are fixed, and upon vertical adjustment upwards of a wall by adjustment of the length of the cross beams 205,205, both pairs of legs will be angled in the same way.

Many variants are possible for providing adjustability, settability, one requirement is that it should be robust, since the load may be great in casting.

Fall support or railing 217 may be arranged between the upper parts of the legs in a desired way, for example, the second legs may be provided with brackets 212 in which the railing 217 easily can be placed.

By the first and second legs 201,201; 202,202 and the bottom ties 203,203 being articulately connected with bottom ties 203,203, cross bars 205,205 as well as with cross beams 208,208, and the platform being dismountable, or only fixedly connected with one pair of legs, and accordingly lowerable, or raiseable, and in addition the cross bars 205,205 being fixed, for instance, to the bottom ties 203,203, the support can easily be collapsed. This is schematically illustrated in FIG. 11, where two-way arrows indicate the articulated connections.

In FIG. 12, the support according to FIG. 10 is shown arranged at a first shuttering according to the invention. In the example shown, the second legs 202 are attached to the sheathing 20 by the form ties being wedged-in into the recesses 211,211 of the first, rear, legs 201,201.

It should be clear that the invention is not limited to shown embodiment examples but it may freely be varied within the scope of the attached claims. For example, it is possible to combine it with different types of plastering systems, masonry façades or wooden façades. 

1. Shuttering for the formation of a wall or similar, comprising a first wall formwork device comprising an insulating material and a second wall formwork device formed to be arranged essentially parallel to said first wall formwork device with a formed space between said first and second wall formwork devices and which space is formed to be filled with flowing concrete, and a number of form ties arranged to connect said first and second wall formwork devices, wherein the first wall formwork device comprises a number of building or plastic foam blocks, the second wall formwork device comprises a number of sheathings, each form tie is provided with a first end formed for connection with said building or plastic foam blocks, a number of building or plastic foam blocks are brought together, for instance stacked on each other, and the second end of said form ties, opposite said first end, is provided with a clamp tie device, at least comprising a removable locking part for temporary mounting and retention/clamping during concreting and locking of said second wall formwork device, and releasing/unlocking after casting for allowing the sheathing or the sheathings to be removed after form stripping, characterized in that the first end of each form tie is provided with a fastening element by which the form tie is connected with said first wall formwork device, that said fastening element is fixedly or detachably connected with, or formed integrally with, said form tie and formed to have a principal extension that forms an angle, for instance essentially 90°, with the longitudinal extension of said form tie, that the fastening element is formed to be pressed down into the first wall formwork device, by the fastening element being plate-shaped, having a tapering shape, being cam-like, or being toothed, that one or more of said building or plastic foam blocks are provided with a slit or reception opening adapted to a fastening element, and that the fastening element for the fastening of a form tie to a building or plastic foam block is receivable in said reception opening or slit.
 2. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheathing or the sheathings is/are provided with recesses along the edge of the sheathing/sheathings arranged in order to receive form ties.
 3. Shuttering according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two second wall formwork elements formed to be connected with the first wall formwork device, on opposite sides of the same, that the form ties are connected with the first wall formwork device via the fastening elements and arranged to project in opposite directions in order to, via the locking devices, detachably be connected with the respective second wall formwork device so that a sandwich structure is formed with concrete on both sides of an insulating structure formed of the first wall formwork device.
 4. Procedure for forming a wall or similar, comprising the steps of forming a first wall formwork device comprising an insulating material and a second wall formwork device, wherein said second wall formwork device is arranged essentially parallel to said first wall formwork device and in such a way that a space is formed between said first and second wall formwork devices, of filling the space with flowing concrete, and the arrangement of a number of form ties to connect said first and second wall formwork devices, and that it comprises the steps of: bringing together a number of building or plastic foam blocks, for instance comprising stacking said building or plastic foam blocks on each other, in order to form the first wall formwork device; characterized in that it is allowed to attach a number of form ties to the first wall formwork device by connecting the respective first ends of the form ties with the first wall formwork device; that it is allowed to arrange the second wall formwork device essentially parallel to the first wall formwork device; that it is allowed to lock the second wall formwork device by means of locking devices that are arranged on the second ends of said form ties and at least comprise a removable locking part; that it is allowed to fill the space between the first and the second wall formwork device with concrete for casting the wall or similar; that after the casting, it is allowed to remove the removable locking parts from the form ties; after which it is allowed to remove the second wall formwork device comprising the sheathing or the sheathings, the first end of each form tie comprising a fastening element, which is fixedly or detachably connected with, or formed integrally with, the form tie and formed to have a principal extension that forms an angle, for instance essentially 90°, with the longitudinal extension of the form tie, and that the step of connecting the form tie with the first wall formwork device comprises to: press down the fastening element into the material, for instance the foamed plastic, of the first wall formwork device, either into solid foamed plastic or the like, or into a slit or reception opening intended therefor in a plastic foam block.
 5. Procedure according to claim 4, characterized in that the building or plastic foam blocks are provided with projections and recesses, e.g., grooved and tongued or matched, and that the step of bringing together the building or plastic foam blocks comprises to: join the building or plastic foam blocks by means of tongue and groove joints formed of said projections and recesses.
 6. Procedure according to claim 5, characterized in that the step of joining the building or plastic foam blocks comprises to: join the building or plastic foam blocks in such a way that joints between the building or plastic foam blocks in a row or a column will be set in relation to joints between the building or plastic foam blocks in a neighbouring row or column in order to contribute to making the first wall formwork device stable.
 7. Procedure according to claim 4, characterized in that the step of mounting one or more sheathings comprises to: mount and lock the sheathings by the form ties and the clamp tie devices in such a way that joints between sheathings in one and the same plane in a row or a column are displaced in relation to joints between sheathings that are mounted in a neighbouring row or column in order to make the removable second wall formwork device stable.
 8. Procedure according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises one or more of the steps of, after the mounting of the first wall formwork device, for instance stacking of building or plastic foam blocks and connection of the form ties with the first wall formwork device: providing recesses for windows and/or doors; reinforcing the wall; mounting electric, piping and possibly ventilation materials for the subsequent embedment.
 9. Procedure according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the steps of, after at least reinforcing, mounting the sheathing or the sheathings; locking the sheathings by said locking devices.
 10. Procedure according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises the step of, after the mounting of the sheathing or the sheathings: casting the wall by supplying concrete or the like into spaces between said first and second wall formwork devices.
 11. Procedure according to claim 10, characterized in that it comprises the steps of, after the casting step, disengaging locking parts included in the locking devices; tearing the sheathing or the sheathings.
 12. Procedure according to claim 4, characterized in that it comprises the step of, before, in connection with, or after mounting and locking of the sheathing or the sheathings, but before the casting step: mounting a support for the wall during the casting step.
 13. Procedure according to claim 12, characterized in that the support is collapsible and adjustable, and that the step of mounting the support comprises to arrange the support, e.g., by transferring the support from a transportation and storage state to an operation state, adjacent to the second wall formwork device; before and/or during casting, adjust the length of cross tie bars connected with a first leg device having first legs and in the second end with an abutment device, for instance comprising a second leg device, comprising second legs or the like, intended to at least partly directly or indirectly abut against an outside of the second wall formwork device so that the wall, if required, can be straightened and adjusted to form a desired, preferably right angle with a substratum or the like.
 14. Support, for sheathings and comprising a first leg device formed to be arranged essentially parallel to an essentially vertical wall device and a second leg device formed to be arranged separated from said first leg device, first and second tie bar devices formed to connect said first and second leg devices, and a platform formed to be supported by, and between, said first and second leg devices, according to claim 12, characterized in that said first tie bar device is articulately connected with said first and second leg devices at or near lower sections of the same, that said second tie bar device comprises a cross bar connection device articulately connected with said first leg device and articulately connected with said first tie bar device, that the platform and the first and second leg devices are provided with connection elements, which at least allow the platform to be displaced a certain small distance in relation to the width thereof, that the first leg device is provided with retention elements formed to be attachable to a wall device, and that the second cross bar connection device is adjustable, for instance can be extended and shortened, so that it can be adjusted before or during a casting operation of the wall device, and simultaneously form a support to the same, for instance contribute to hold it at a desired angle, for instance 90°, in relation to a flat horizontal surface such as a floor or the like.
 15. Support according to claim 14, characterized in that the second cross bar connection device comprises telescopic devices. 